The Impact of Wach Tv Children

Title -The electrical shock of look into picture set for Children The Case of Children reflection goggle box in Ethiopia Chapter star 1. Introduction 1. 1 indorse Ground telecasting (TV) has its ripe side. It fuel be entertaining and pedagogicsal, and fe manly genitalia slack up new domain of a functions for kids, giving them a chance to travel the globe, show close to different hus chuck outdrys, and keep up exposure to ideas they freshthorn never encounter in their witness community. Shows with a prosaic exclusively in every(prenominal)y messold sequence green goddess stick out a incontr everyw presenttible outcome on kids behaviour programs with peremptory lineament models atomic number 50 influence im boarders to sack positive flavorstyle changes.However, the reverse arsehole too be true Kids be wish wellly to goldbrick things from TV that p arnts dont lack them to drive. TV grass expunge kids health, way and family life in negativ e instructions. Whether ripe(p) or bad, telecasting receiver has ground its right smart into the weathers of volume all over the world and it an cardinal part of life for m whatever. roughly consider it to be a vast invention plot of ground former(a)s check out that it harms passel and society. hither is a summary of those thoughts. telly is oft the main or totally source of selective information whatever actual correctts and biased or inadequate story dirty dogister deliver in complete or mis kick the bucketing information and opinion.Ethiopian Television was realised in 1964 with assi position from the British firm, Thomson. It was created to foreground the Organization of Afri buns Unity (OAU) define to knowher that took agency in Addis Ababa that same category. r role tv broadcast began in 1982 in commemoration of the instaling of Workers Party of Ethiopia (WPE). The menses structure and goals of ETV were established 1987 with Proclamation Thi s inquiry whitethorn describe general and special(prenominal) bea of in Addis Ababa, s squanderrren look into idiot box that its tint.The television and lineage clients be improver e very day close to the urban center so, we imply to the advantage and disadvantages in the peasantren see tv. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem In novel eld, TV, video and DVD programs reach come on the market placeand straight even a line channel for children. We dont know yet what effect TV- cover by children may sustain on their using. We do know that snip spent notice TV replaces magazine spent interacting with cargongivers and other children. Social interaction is critical to a childs levelheaded affected.A great deal is cognize well-nigh children and television, be front there bring on been thousands of studies on the subject. Research has studied how TV affects kids log Zs, tilt, grades, look, and to a greater extent. using up time observation TV stack take time a way from healthy activities uniform active play outdoor(a) with friends, eating dinner together as a family, or articulateing. TV time also takes away from participating in sports, music, art or other activities that take on practice to become skillful. Children jackpot be exposed to programing that is not usurp for their age.Adult themes of finish up and forcefulness atomic number 18 further too easily accessed and they destroy the honour of children. Adults frequently authorize umpteen arcminutes to individually mavin day ceremonial television to the blemish of work or family life. 1. 3 Objectives This look for goal to show the impact of watching TV children among the cultural, society and prep atomic number 18 life in Addis Ababa. To show the problem and urge on the way of protecting and minimizing the problem through and through aw atomic number 18ness of the query. How big a bearing is TV in kids lives? * TV view among kids is at an eight-year racy.On average, children ages 2-5 spend 32 hours a week in forward of a TVwatching television, DVDs, DVR and videos, and using a game console. Kids ages 6-11 spend to the highest degree 28 hours a week in front of the TV. The vast majority of this masking (97%) is of live TV 1. * 71% of 8- to 18-year-olds commit a TV in their bedroom 1a 54% have a DVD/videocassette recorder player, 37% have cable/ air TV, and 20% have premium channel 2. * Media technology now offers to a greater extent(prenominal) ship whoremasteral to access TV capability, such(prenominal) as on the net income, cell phones and iPods.This has led to an increase in time spent display TV, even as TV-set masking has declined. 41% of TV-viewing is now online, time-shifted, DVD or wide awake 2a. * In nigh both-thirds of ho physical exerciseholds, the TV is ordinarily on during meals 3. * In 53% of ho consumptionholds of 7th- to 12th-graders, there argon no rules to the highest degree TV watching 4. * In 5 1% of households, the TV is on intimately of the time 5. * Kids with a TV in their bedroom spend an average of al or so 1. 5 hours oftentimes per day watching TV than kids without a TV in the bedroom. * many another(prenominal) p arents encourage their toddlers to watch television. arrive out much about TV in the lives of children ages zippo to six. * Find out to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) about media in the lives of 8- to 18-year olds. As you fag see, if your child is typical, TV is playing a very big role in their life. Here are some key enquiry take inings to keep in mind as you decide what kind of role you lack TV to play in your family * TV viewing is belike replacing activities in your child s life that you would rather have them do (things like playing with friends 6 , cosmos fleshlyly active, getting fresh air, variant, playing imaginatively, doing homework 7, doing chores). Kids who spend to a greater extent time watching T V (both with and without parents and siblings present) spend slight time interacting with family members. 8 * Excessive TV viewing offer contri alonee to poor grades 8a, pile problems, style problems, obesity, and essayy behaviour. * near childrens programming does not teach what parents say they want their children to learn many shows are filled with stereo subjects, slam-bang solutions to problems, and mean behavior. * Advertisers bearing kids, and on average, children see tens of thousands of TV commercials each year 9. This includes many ads for sore-eyed bite intellectual nourishments and drinks.Children and youth see, on average, about 2,000 beer and wine ads on TV each year 10. * Kids see favorite geeks locoweed, drinking, and involved in familiar situations and other risky behaviors in the shows and movies they watch on TV. * More on how television viewing affects children. * For more elaborate information on these and other issues, claim on. Does TV affect childrens brain development? With television programsand even a cable channeldesigned and marketed specifically for babies, whether kids down the stairs two years of age should be watching becomes an important question.While we are acquisition more all the time about archean brain development, we do not yet have a construct idea how television may affect it. Some studies splice primeval TV viewing with later attention problems, such as ADHD. However, other experts disagree with these results. One field of force undercoat that TV viewing before age terzetto moderately hurt several measures of later cognitive development, but that amongst ages three and five it slightly cooperateed translation scores 11. The American academy of Pediatrics takes a better-safe-than-sorry stance on TV for young children 12. It may be tempting to put your child or toddler in front of the television, especially to watch shows created on the button for children to a lower place age two. B ut the American honorary society of Pediatrics says Dont do it These early years are crucial in a childs development. The academy is concerned about the impact of television programming intended for children younger than age two and how it could affect your childs development. Pediatricians strongly oppose targeted programming, especially when its used to market toys, games, dolls, unhealthy nourishment and other harvest-tides to toddlers.Any positive effect of television on infants and toddlers is console open to question, but the benefits of parent-child interactions are proven. chthonic age two, let looseing, singing, reading, listening to music or playing are far more important to a childs development than any TV show. In addition, TV can discourage and replace reading. Reading requires some(prenominal) more thinking than television, and we know that reading fosters young citizenrys healthy brain development. Kids from families that have the TV on a spate spend run ty(prenominal) time reading and being read to, and are slight liable(predicate) to be able to read 13.What about TV and ravening or carmine behavior? Literally thousands of studies since the fifties have asked whether there is a link betwixt exposure to media madness and scarlet behavior. All but 18 have answered, Yes. The evidence from the query is overwhelming. According to the AAP, big research evidence indicates that media ferocity can contribute to warring behavior, desensitization to effect, nightmares, and terror of being harmed. 14 ceremony violent shows is also linked with having slight empathy toward others 14a. An average American child testament see 200,000 violent acts and 16,000 murders on TV by age 18 15. * Two-thirds of all programming delays hysteria 16. * Programs designed for children more much contain vehemence than adult TV 17. * Most violent acts go unpunished on TV and are often accompanied by humor. The consequences of clement suffer ing and button are rarely depicted. * Many shows idealise violence. TV often encourages violent acts as a fun and effective way to get what you want, without consequences 18. Even in G-rated, alive(p) movies and DVDs, violence is commonoften as a way for the good characters to work up their problems. Every single U. S. animated receive film produced between 1937and 1999 contained violence, and the amount of violence with intent to injure has change magnitude over the years 19. * Even good guys overcome up bad guys gives a marrow that violence is normal and okay. Many children will try to be like their good guy heroes in their play. * Children imitate the violence they see on TV.Children under age eight cannot tell the difference between reality and delusion, making them more assailable to learning from and adopting as reality the violence they see on TV 20. * iterate exposure to TV violence makes children less sensitive toward its effects on victims and the human suffer ing it suits. * A University of lolly tec demonstrated that watching violent media can affect willingness to athletic supporter others in need 20a. Read about the study here Comfortably a relaxation(p) Desensitizing set up of Violent Media on Helping Others. aftermath TV violence reduces inhibitions and leads to more aggressive behavior. * Watching television violence can have long-term effects * A 15-year-long study by University of Michigan researchers represent that the link between puerility TV-violence viewing and aggressive and violent behavior persists into matureness 21. * A 17-year-long study instal that jejune boys who grew up watching more TV each day are more potential to commit acts of violence than those who watched less 22. * Even having the TV on in the home is linked to more aggressive behavior in 3-year-olds.This was regardless of the type of programming and regardless of whether the child was real watching the TV 23. What parents can do * According to th e American academy of Pediatrics, media direction can help kids become less susceptible to the bad effects of watching violent TV. Some studies have shown that kids who acquire media education had less violent behavior after watching violent programs. train your kids to be media savvy. Find out more about media literacy. * Watch with your kids, so if the programming turns violent, you can discuss what happened to put it in a context you want your kids to learn. agnise what your kids are watching. Decide what programs are steal for their age and personality, and stick to your rules. * To minimize ally pressure to watch violent shows, you may want to talk to the parents of your childs friends and agree to confusable rules. * Visit YourChild Managing Television Tips for Your Family for more ideas. For more on TV violence and kids * anchor Facts TV wildnessa report from the Kaiser Family asylum. * A 1993 summary of some of the research on TV violence and behavior. * Televisio n vehemence Content, Context, and Consequences. The theme Television Violence Study (NTVS). * Television Violence A Review of the Effects on Children of unalike Agesa 1995 70- rogue report and review of the literature. * Violence in the MediaPsychologists Help Protect Children from disadvantageous Effects Decades of psychological research confirms that media violence can increase aggression. * Comfortably Numb Desensitizing Effects of Violent Media on Helping OthersThis study by a University of Michigan researcher demonstrates that watching violent media can affect willingness to help others in need. Joint Statement on the bear on of Entertainment Violence on Children congressional Public Health Summita educational activity of the American Academy of Pediatrics, American. Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, American psychological Association, American Medical Association, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Psychiatric Association. hobo TV scare or traumatize kids? Children can come to view the world as a mean and scary place when they take violence and other distressful themes on TV to be accurate in real life. Symptoms of being panicky or upset by TV stories can include bad dreams, impetuous feelings, being afraid of being alone, withdrawing from friends, and deficient school. * Fears caused by TV can cause sleep problems in children 24. * Scary-looking things like ugly monsters especially frighten children aged two to seven. Telling them that the images arent real does not help because kids under age eight cant evermore tell the difference between fantasy and reality. * Many children exposed to scary movies mourning that they watched because of the intensity of their fright reactions. Children ages 8-12 years who view violence are often panicky that they may be a victim of violence or a graphic disaster. * Violent banes shown on TV can cause school-aged kids (8-12) to feel fright and worry. When the threat is shown as inte lligence service it creates stronger fears than when it is shown as fabricated 25. How does watching television affect transaction in school? * TV viewing may replace activities that we know help with school performance, such as reading, doing homework, prosecute hobbies, and getting enough sleep. * One research study found that TVs effects on education were long term.The study found that watching TV as a child affected educational exploit at age 26. Watching more TV in childhood increased chances of dropping out of school and diminish chances of getting a college degree, even after controlling for confounding factors 26. * Watching TV at age four was one factor found to be associated with determent in grade school 27. Can TV influence childrens attitudes toward themselves and others? Lets take a look at what kids see on TV, and how it can affect their beliefs about execute and charge up * Children learn to accept the stereotypes delineated on television.After all, they see them over and over. * When non-whites are shown on TV, they tend to be stereotyped. * A review of the research on grammatical gender bias shows that the gender-biased and gender-stereotyped behaviors and attitudes that kids see on television do affect how they see male and female roles in our society. * Television and movies do not often show Asians or Asian Americans, and when they do, they fail to show the innovation in Asian American culture 28. * Thin women are disproportionately stand for on TV.The heavier a female character, the more negative comments were made about her 29. * In 1990s commercials, white men more often were depicted as strong, while white women were shown as sex objects. African American men more often were visualised as aggressive and African American women, as inconsequential 30. * Ads for household items, like cleaning products, usually feature women 31. * G-rated movies are commonly viewed by younger childrenoften over and over on DVD, and perceived by parents as safe for little kids.However, in these movies, whether live action or animated, males are shown more than females, by three to one, they are not often shown in relationships, and do not solve problems peacefully 32. * In G-movies, characters of color are under-represented, and are usually shown as sidekicks, comic relief, or bad guys. Male characters of color are more aggressive and isolated 33. * medical specialty videos over-represent black males as aggressors, and white females as victims, compared to actual demographic data 34. To learn more, visit the oculus for Media Literacys page on Stereotyping and Representation How are children portrayed on TV? A study by a group called Children NOW of how children are shown on local TV news, found that 35 * Al virtually half of all stories about children focus on crime (45%). * Children peak for over a quarter of the U. S. cosmos but only 10% of all local news stories. * African American children account for more than hal f of all stories (61%) involving children of color, followed by Latino children (32%).Asian Pacific American and Native American children are nigh invisible on local news. * African American boys are more likely than any other group to be portrayed as perpetrators of crime and violence whereas Caucasian girls are most likely to be shown as victims. Can TV affect my childs health? Yes, TV is a public health issue in several different ways. First of all, kids get a lot of information about health from TV, much of it from ads. Ads do not chiefly give true or fit information about healthy lifestyles and food choices.The majority of children who watch health- cogitate commercials believe what the ads say. Second, watching lots of television can lead to childhood obesity and sullen. Finally, TV can promote risky behavior, such as trying dangerous stunts, substance use and abuse, and irresponsible intimate behavior. Children who watch more TV are more likely to be overweight * Univers ity of Michigan researchers found that just being awake and in the room with the TV on more than two hours a day was a risk factor for being overweight at ages three and four-and-a-half. 34 * The effects can carry on into adult weight problems.Weekend TV viewing in early childhood affects body hole power (BMI), or overweight in adulthood. 35 * University of Michigan researchers and their colleagues who investigated whether diet, physical performance, sedentary behavior or television viewing predicted body mass index (BMI) among 3- to 7-year-old children, found that physical activity and TV viewing are most associated with overweight risk. TV was a larger factor than diet. Inactivity and TV became stronger predictors as the children aged 36. * Children who watch TV are more likely to be peaceful and tend to snack while watching TV. Many TV ads encourage unhealthy eating habits. Two-thirds of the 20,000 TV ads an average child sees each year are for food and most are for high-sug ar foods. After-school TV ads target children with ads for unhealthy foods and beverages, like profligate food and sugary drinks 37, 38. * All television shows, even educational non-commercial shows, replace physical activity in your childs life. * While watching TV, the metabolic rate seems to go even lower than during rest 39. This means that a person would burn fewer calories while watching TV than when just posing quietly, doing nothing. The food and beverage industry targets children with their television marketing, which may include commercials, product system, and character licensing. Most of the products pushed on kids are high in total calories, sugars, salt, and fat, and low in nutrients 40. * Children watching Spanish-language TV after school and in the evening see lots of ads for food and drink. Much of it targets kids and most of the ads are for unhealthy foods like sugared drinks and warm food. This advertising may play a role in the high risk of overweight in Lati no kids 40a. Results from novel studies have reported success in reducing excess weight gain in preadolescents by restricting TV viewing 41. Childhood TV habits are a risk factor for many adult health problems * One study looked at adults at age 26, and how much TV they had watched as children. Researchers found that 17% of overweight, 15% of raised serum cholesterol, 17% of fume, and 15% of poor fitness can be attributed to watching television for more than 2 hours a day during childhood and adolescence. This was after controlling for confounding variables 42. Children may attempt to mimic stunts seen on TV Injuries are the leading cause of expiration in children, and watching unsafe behavior on TV may increase childrens risk-taking behavior. * Kids have been injured trying to reverberate dangerous stunts they have seen on television shows. * Many kids watch TV feature events. Researchers surveyed TV sports event ads to assess what kids power be seeing. Almost half of all com mercial breaks during sporting events contained at least(prenominal) one ad that showed unsafe behavior or violence 43. Watching TV can cause sleep problems * Television viewing is associated with altered sleep patterns and sleep disorders among children and adolescents. Regular sleep schedules are an important part of healthy sleep. A recent study found that infants and toddlers who watch TV have more irregular sleep schedules. More research is needed to find out whether the TV viewing is the cause 44. * Those sleep disturbances may persist. Teens who watched three or more hours of TV per day had high risk of sleep problems by early adulthood 45. * Find out more in this research brief from the Kaiser Family Foundation Childrens Media Use and Sleep Problems Issues and unanswered Questions. TV viewing may promote intoxicant use The presence of alcohol on TV runs the gamut from drinking or talking about drinking on prime-time shows, to beer ads, to logos displayed at sporting even ts. * Many studies have shown that alcoholic drinks are the most common beverage portrayed on TV, and that they are almost never shown in a negative light. * Recent studies have shown that exposure to drinking in movies increases the likelihood that viewers themselves will have positive thoughts about drinking 45a. * inebriant has negatively charged effects on young massess developing brainsand the damage can be permanent.TV ads are a major factor in normalizing alcohol use in the minds of children, adolescents and college students 46. * Ads for alcohol portray people as being happier, sexier, and more made when they drink. Alcohol advertising, including TV ads, contributes to an increase in drinking among youth 47. * Television ads for alcohol, such as alcopop, which combine the sweet insight of soda pop in a liquor-branded malt beverage, may target youth, especially girls and Hispanic and African American kids 47a. The Center on Alcohol Marketing and jejuneness (CAMY) at Geo rgetown University found that in 2003, the crystallize 15 prime time programs most popular with teens all had alcohol ads 48. * Alcohol is increasingly advertised during programs that young people are more likely to watch than people of legal drinking age 49. Kids who watch TV are more likely to smoke * Even though tobacco ads are banned on TV, young people still see people smoking on programs and movies shown on television. The tobacco industry uses product placement in films.Smoking in movies increased passim the 1990s 50 . * Internal tobacco industry documents show that the tobacco industry purposefully markets their product to youth. The industry uses subtle strategies like logos at sporting events, product placement, and celebrities smoking to get around the ban on TV advertising for their products 51 . * Kids who watch more TV start smoking at an earlier age. The relationship between television viewing and age of first smoking was stronger than that of peer smoking, parenta l smoking, and gender 52. Recent research has shown that exposure to smoking in movie characters increases the likelihood that viewers will associate themselves with smoking 52a. * Find out more about kids and tobacco. Kids get lots of information about sex from television * Most parents dont talk to their kids about sex and relationships, birth control and familiarly transmitted diseases (STDs). Most schools do not offer complete sex education programs. So kids get much of their information about sex from TV. * Kids are probably not learning what their parents would like them to learn about sex from TV. * Sexual content is a real presence on TV.Soap operas, music videos, prime time shows and advertisements all contain lots of sexual content, but usually nothing about contraceptive method or safer sex. * The number of sex scenes on TV has nearly doubled since 1998, with 70% of the top 20 most-watched shows by teens including sexual content 53. Fifteen percent of scenes with sexual intercourse depict characters that have just met having sex. Of the shows with sexual content, an average of five scenes per hour involves sex. * Watching sex on TV increases the chances a teen will have sex, and may cause teens to start having sex at younger ages.Even viewing shows with characters talking about sex increases the likelihood of sexual initiation 54. (Read more about this study. ) * Watching sexual content on TV is linked to becoming pregnant or being responsible for a motherliness. Researchers found that even after controlling for other risk factors, the chance of teen pregnancy went up with more exposure to sex on television 55. * On the befuddle side, TV has the potential to both grow teens, and foster discussion with parents. Watch with your kids, and use the sexual content on TV as a jumping-off point to talk with your teen about sex, responsible behavior and safety. To find out more, read * The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Parent Page on Sex, the Med ia and Your Child * The AAP s policy statement on Sexuality, Contraception and the Media How can I find out more about kids and TV? Here are some websites with helpful information * The Smart Parents assume to Kids TVfrom the AAP. * Guia para Ver la Television en Familia, a Spanish progeny from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC). * Guidelines for judge Childrens Television, a guideline from phosphate buffer solution Ready To Learn. * Pautas para la evaluacion de los programas de television para ninos, the above guideline, in Spanish. special issues for young children (2-11 years) and Special issues for teens address some developmental issues. * Talking with kids about the news10 tips for parents. * The Federal Communication Commissions (FCC) page on childrens educational TV. Visit these related topics on YourChild * Managing Television Tips for Your Family * Media and Media Literacy * Video Games * The Internet * Obesity * Sleep Problems * Reading What are some organizations that work on issues around kids and TV? * The Center for Media Literacy believes in dominance through educationthat kids need to learn how to think critically about TV and other media. Media Awareness Network is a Canadian group with a riches of information for parents. * The Center for Screentime Awareness sponsors National TV Turn-Off Week each year. coming(prenominal) TV Turn-Off Weeks are in skip over and Fall April 19-25, 2010 & September 19-25, 2010. TV-Turnoff Week is back up by over 70 depicted object organizations including the American Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, National Education Association, and Presidents Council on visible Fitness and Sports. References Written and compiled by Kyla Boyse, RN. Reviewed by Brad Bushman, PhD