Variations of Tracheal Cartilages

Variations of Tracheal CartilagesThe windpipe, located in the superior mediastinum, is the proximal part of the tracheobronchial tree (Anne M Gilory 2012). It is approximately 5 inches long and 1 inch in diameter courses inferiorly anterior to defile and posterior to aortic arch (John T Hansen et al. 2005). The windpipe extends from the lower meet of the cricoid cartilage opposite C6 vertebra up to the upper border of T5 vertebra where it ends by dividing into ripe and left principal bronchi supplying the right and left lungs respectively (S Nandi,2005). It is a passageway for air between the lungs and the external environment (Anne M Gilory 2012). anatomic vicissitudes occur throughout the man body, and it refers to a structure that is contrasting to the common. there are m whatsoever variation found in trachea plainly some common variation are breadth and dimension of trachea between men and women, variation in size of fire tracheal evade and variation in diameter of t he trachea. The aim of this report is to plow anatomical variation of trachea and its clinical impact on human. come tracheal rings are a rare infixed deformity, which occurs in the hyaline cartilage rings of the trachea and results in a constrictive of the tracheal opening. A normal tracheal ring consists of the cartilage in a C shape and a softer posterior membrane do of muscle to have it away the ring, in a complete tracheal ring however, the cartilage is what makes up the entire ring thereby forming a narrower O shape. perpetrate tracheal ring sufferers fecal matter present various symptoms including clattery breathing, recurring pneumonias, wheezing, retractions, wet sounding biphasic noise, cyanosis, apnoea, and chest congestion (Kay 2014). Proper diagnosis and characterisation of complete tracheal rings requires patient ofs to undergo a microlaryngoscopy as well as a bronchoscopy, these tests allow physicians to understand the degree and space of the narrowing of t he trachea. Treatment of complete tracheal rings can be determined after diagnosis and is dependent on the condition of the patient and the severity of the narrowing of the trachea. In over 80 per cent of complete tracheal ring cases, surgery in the form of tracheal resection or slide tracheoplasty is call for (Sahoo, Karnak, Gildea and Mehta. 2007). Milder forms of complete tracheal rings can be monitored through regular doctor visits and may not require any surgical intervention at all.The width and dimensions of the trachea are the more or less common variations found in males and females. A recent study (Jay et al. 1996, pp. 861-864) presented look data, which showed that the width of the trachea is wider in males than females. The study among 38 men and 32 women aged between (13-82 years) showed that average tracheal width for men was 20.9mm 0.32 (SD) mm and 16.9 mm 0.25 (SD) mm for women (Jay et al. 1996, pp 861-864). This study also stated that there was no statistically significant relationship between tracheal size and age, clog and height but there is a significant difference in gender and can only be seen until late adolescence (Ringgold Charles 1986, pp 251). The tracheal width for men was significantly wider than women by (P value The trachea is a indispensable part of the respiratory system and a normal adult trachea is 120mm long and 25mm in diameter (Saladin 2007). Variations in the diameter of the trachea can cause respiratory problems but also problems during procedures such as transplanting, stenting, intubation and endoscopic (Randestand,Lindholm Fabian 2000). It has been found that the size of the cricoid ring can divagate from 11mm-24mm depending on the sex of the person (Montner, Miller Calboun 1984). Although height, weight and age pretend the rate of flow through the trachea, these factors have no correlation to the diameter of the trachea. As mentioned above, the rate of flow through the trachea is affected by the diamete r as it has the smallest cross sectional area with the greatest opponent influencing the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (Montner, Miller Calboun 1984). Through the experiments do by Montner, Miller Calboun (1984) it was found that variation in diameter to the third tracheal ring caused the largest variation to the PEFR. The trachea is often used to abet in the operation however there are not many another(prenominal) surgeries that reduce the size of the trachea, as there always will be slight variances between different people.The variation of tracheal and tracheal cartilage is extremely important to understand because it may help the clinicians to understand the aetiology of various pulmonic diseases (Nepal med Coll J 2010). It is essential to understand variation in length, width and diameter of trachea by clinicians during transplantation of larynx because helps surgeons to repugn with resection and reconstruction of the tracheobronchial tree (Randestad et al 2000). Th e accurate an anatomical knowledge of variation in size, shape and position of tracheal structure is important when incubation, stenting, endoscopy and transplantation are to be performed (Randestad et al 2000). It also helps medical students to study pulmonary physiology, anesthesiology and while carryout endotracheal intubation and bronchoscopy procedures with skill and perfection (Nepal med Coll J 2010).Therefore in conclusion, like many other structures within the human body tracheal cartilages have anatomical variations. Investigating the variations it was found, there were common and asymptomatic differences of the tracheal rings like the rings sizes and the differences between men and womens trachea rings. In addition there were more complex variations like complete tracheal rings that, while not necessarily fatal, it still required proper diagnosis to understand the degree of variation.REFERENCESAcosta AC, Albanese CT, Farmer DL, Sydorak R, Danzer E, Harrison MR, Tracheal s tenosis the long and short of it. J Pediatr Surg. 2000351612-1616Backer CL, Mavroudis C. Pediatric cardiac Surgery. 3rd edition. St Louis, Mosby Year book 2003Chunder R, Nadi S, Guha R, Satyanarayana N (2010), A Morphometric study of human trachea and principle bronchi in different age group in both sex and its implications. Nepal med coll J 2010. PubMed-NCBI 2014, Accessed at 8 April.Elliot M, Roebuck D, Noctor C, et al. The management of congenital tracheal stenosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003 67 183-192Kay, DJ 2014, Congenital Malformations of the Trachea, Drugs, Diseases and Procedures, vol. 12, p.p 43-47Kay DJ, goldsmith AJ. 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